They eat and walk at dusk and down while being absolutely passive the daytime heat. They are generalist feeders, and are both grazers and browsers. In addition, an average elephant drinks up to 40-50 gallons of water per day. Moreover, before eating, they rind bananas as well as corns and other food. Asian elephants have a diverse diet including monocot and dicot plants. Fresh foliage is preferred by elephants but will consume twigs and bark when there is a need16. It's one of the 3 subspecies of the Asian elephant. Asian Elephant on The IUCN Red List site -, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_elephant, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/7140/0. Along with the above mentioned, Asian elephants have been object of decoration at official ceremonies for swell society. Asian elephants are herbivores (folivores), feeding upon plants. ( Log Out / Skin color of Asian elephant varies from brown to gray. Credit: MEME New research has shown … This demonstrates how the region and available food source can alter what the dominant food source is eaten even for the same species (the African Elephant. Elephant sucks it up into its trunk and squirt it into its mouth. Sometimes herds can break up into smaller subgroups. An adult elephant can consume up to 300 pounds of food in a single day. Elephants consume grasses, small plants, bushes, fruit, twigs, tree bark, and roots. The plants that are most consumed are chosen according to their nutritive value and the proportions of the plant that are utilized by the elephant also varies11. Under favorable conditions, a female can give birth once every 3-4 years. Their diet includes grass, roots, bark, fruit, legumes, seeds, grain and palms. They browse more in the dry season with bark constituting a major part of their diet in the cool part of that season. The elephant trunk provides elephants the unique ability to reach and utilize a wide variety of vegetation16. ( Log Out / This means that elephants travel on most days to find clearings at the edge of forests where they spend hours gathering grasses with their trunks. Elephants can consume 1.5 -2% of their body weight in 12 hours of feeding16 and they can consume 1.7 mouthfuls per minute of grass during active phases of feeding14. A study by Joshi & Sing (2008) found that consumption of tree species was highest, followed by grasses and shrubs but proportions changed according to season availability7. These animals are diurnal and crepuscular. They are known to feed on at least 112 different plant species, most commonly of the order Malvales, as well as the legume, palm, sedge and true grassfamilies. Indian Elephants are terribly sociable animals and march from forest to forest, rarely staying in one for over some days. Female Asian elephants are able to reproduce at about 10-12 years old. Another difference between those two related species is the “finger”: Asian elephants have one “finger” on their upper lips while their African relatives possess two “fingers”, the second one on their lower lips. Major components of their usual diet are grasses, leaves, roots, bark of trees and bushes. Asian elephants are not at all territorial. Elephants need to eat an average of 150 kg per day to survive. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The oldest extant evidence of Asian elephants’ domestication comes from the Bronze Age, from the era of Harappan civilization. Their diet depends heavily on where they live, what is available, and what season it is. Asian elephants are herbivores (folivores), feeding upon plants. At the zoo:Grass hay, textured grain, alfalfa, greens (spinach, kale and lettuces), apples, carrots, corn and sweet potatoes. 2. They drink at least once a day and are never far from a p… The elephants spend most of the day (16 hours) eating. Deforestation and agricultural activities are among threats, leading to constriction of the elephants’ habitat. They may consume up to 150kg (330lbs) of food each day. The elephant also has observable pink-colored spots on its ears, forehead, trunk and chest. Asian elephant lives over the vast territory, covering Hindustan and Indochina peninsulas, Borneo Island and, generally, most of south-eastern Asia. Consumption of such large volumes of food is crucial to the survival of these elephants. In a single year, male elephants derived 9.3% and herds derived 1.3% of total food requirement through crop raiding15. They appear to be opportunistic, as their consumption varies based on location and what is seasonally available16. However, African Elephants observed in the African Savannah consumed a large proportion of fruit19. These elephants are very communicative mammals. The baby feeds on breast milk of its mother as well as other lactating females if necessary. ( Log Out / This appears to be related to seasonal changes in the mineral content of grasses 7. Asian elephants can be classified as "mega-herbivores", as they are completely dependent on herbivory and consume up to 330 pounds (150 kilograms) of vegetation each day. Diet Asian elephants are herbivores, which means their diet consists only of plants. Cultivated crops such as bananas and sugar cane are also a favored fo… No longer. Asian elephant. In a study in the Rajaji National Park area of India, the diet of the Asian elephants observed consisted mainly of 50 plant species7. Elephants eat between 149 and 169 kg (330-375 lb.) There are estimates that elephants can consume 135 to 300 kg of fresh weight14. Due to their huge size and ability of obeying orders, they proved to be indispensable in transportation of heavy objects such as timber materials. Sometimes instead of drinking the water they play in it and wash themselves. Below is a breakdown of the nutritional value of two plant species eaten by Asian elephants. As the elephants walk through forests, they open broad pathways, which stop the spread of forest fire. Are you fitter or fatter than an elephant? Elephants are big vegetarians. They sing when they want to keep the heard together and looking for mates. Cultivated crops such as bananas, rice and sugarcane are also favoured foods - sometimes bringing them into conflict with humans. They served as beasts of burden and as elevation at battlefields and at hunting. Diet . In the wild: Asian elephants are herbivores who eat a wide variety of plants including grasses, bamboo, sugarcane, flowers, fruit, seeds, grains, and the roots and bark of trees. Females of Asian elephant are identified by comparably smaller tusks. Water is an important component of elephants’ lives. An interesting short documentary about Asian Elephants, where they live and what they eat. Change ), http://elephantsandbees.com/crop-raiding-behaviour/, https://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/2396198302/. In the wild, they eat a wide variety of plants, from savannah grasses, shrubs, and herbs, to woody trees, bark, and fruits. And new research suggests that the Asian elephant is a daintier eater -- preferring palms, grasses and bamboo to tree saplings. Sixteen to eighteen hours, or nearly 80% of an elephant’s day is spent feeding. As mentioned, the number of plants consumed can vary by location. 3. The Indian elephant is a nomadic animal, endemic to mainland Asia. They are polygynous, meaning that a male can mate with multiple females. However, it’s not so easy for males: they are allowed to mate only when they are able to dominate other males in the area. Evidently, the elephants were at the time used as fighting machine, being invaluable components of siege conduction. All elephant species are herbivores, consuming only plant material. Unbeknown to most, there are actually three different elephant species. There was a negative correlation between availability of plants and preference by elephants… In Gabon, Africa, African Elephants living in the forest were observed to consume a large amount leaves and bark. Even after weaning, the mother keeps on caring for and protecting the young. Diet of Elephant Elephants eat roots, grasses, fruit, and bark and they eat a lot of them. Elephants are always close to a source of fresh water because they need to drink at least once a day. In comparison, researchers find the average human carries between six and 31 percent body fat. Sexual maturity is reached at the age of around 14 years. They feed on a variety of plants, including fruit, grasses, tree bark, vegetables and palm leaves. The ICUN classifies the Asian elephant as Endangered with a decreasing population trend. They use extremely low, ultrasound frequencies not perceptible for human ears. %NFE (DM) = 100 – (%EE (DM) + %ash (DM) + %CP(DM) + %CF (DM)), ME (kcal/kg DM) = 37 x % Protein + 81.8 x % Fat + 35.5 x % NFE, =( 37x (0.2125)+ 81.8(0.342)+ 3.5(0.4677)) x 10= 372 kcal/kg is the Metabolizable Energy. However, elephant being a non-ruminant herbivore, both qualitative and quantitative presence of protein in the diet is important in its nutrition. East Indian Kino (Pterocarpus marsupium)11. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. They conjointly like seasonal selection sometimes like fig leaves and fruits, wood apple and mango. In fact, the average male elephant carries slightly less fat (8.5%) than females (around 10%). Diet. Since ancient times, these animals have been hunted and killed in large numbers, as a source of food, and then for ivory. The Asian elephant once roamed from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in western Asia as far east as China's Yangtze River. Then comes Myanmar (4000-5000) and Sri-Lanka (2500-4000). For the locals relying on cultivation for income, the elephants become a problem. 1. The most beautiful and complex mammals on our planet, elephants are vastly misunderstood. From time to time, though, they send and receive messages from the herds over huge distances by means of high frequencies sounds, imperceptible to the human ear. Asian Elephant tend to eat in the twilight periods and spend their days resting. Diet : A deft trunk plus huge, rasping molars enable Asian elephants to collect plus method a large sort of vegetation, as well as grasses plus herbs, leaves, fruit, farm crops, plus bark. They only get to eat 30kg of hay, 10kg of carrots or something similar and 5-10kg of bread. In fact, up to 73% of species that were fed on were trees19. They eat a wide variety of different plants and plant parts. Studies on Asian elephants in the wild in southern India showed the browse intake during the wet season had a crude protein content of 13-20%. Asian elephants are largest terrestrial mammals of the continent while being smaller than African elephants. Asian elephants spend a large proportion of their day feeding, ranging from 40-75% of their day being spent on food consumption 14. And we use other sources of nutrition information, as well. Anecdotal evidence reports elephants fond of alcohol; reports of raiding illicit liquor stores in the forest (Sukamar 89) Adults eat approx. Over 100 species of … They feed primarily on grasses but also consume large amounts of browse, including leaves, roots, vines, twigs, shoots and bark, as well as fruit. Asian Elephants need water every day because they travel all the time. ( Log Out / Cultivated crops such as bananas, rice and sugarcane are favorite foods. A few months later young add grass to its daily diet meanwhile continuing to eat breast milk for up to 1.5 year. Asian elephant is also included in Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). Threats have to do mainly with human activity. Their diet depends on what’s available in their habitat in a given season.Using our knowledge of wild elephants, we provide our Asian elephants at the Saint Louis Zoo with a well-balanced diet. 150kg (330 lbs) daily; approximately 1.5 – 2% (dry weight) of body weight Salt needed in diet; migrate to deposits regularly and excavate with tusks if necessary Moreover, cases have been known, when elephants excavated holes in dry riverbeds to get water for other species. They turn some areas of forests into meadows and disperse seeds. They can consume many types of plants, including twigs and bark. Elephants generally eat: Leaves Shoots Roots Tree bark Fruits Twigs Bushes Shrubs etc. But they also devour large amounts of bark, roots, leaves and stems. Crop raiding is also a common practice among elephants. Asian elephants consume the root of this tree. They are classified as megaherbivores and consume up to 150 kg (330 lb) of plant matter per day. Nowadays Asian elephants are used mainly in touristic industry, transferring and entertaining tourists. Their diet in the dry season (February–April) contained a higher proportion of dicots compared to that of the wet season (June–September). The average gestation period is about 18-22 months or 659 days. This phenomenon is observed more amongst males and increases as cultivation increases with the wet season. African forest elephants are browser-frugivores and eat leaves, fruits, seeds, branches, and bark. The most common eaten plants belong to these taxa (varying by region) 15,6, 11: Elephants are both browsers and grazers. Asian elephant has huge impact on the ecosystem of its habitat. About 13.000 individuals of Asian elephant are domesticated, working mainly in entertainment area. Diet Elephants eat roots, grasses, fruit, and bark—and they eat a lot of them. Major components of their usual diet are grasses, leaves, roots, bark of trees and bushes. Asian Elephants are generalist mega-herbivores consuming a large variety of plants. … Elephant diet includes: grasses, forbs, aquatic plants, leaves,twigs of shrubs and trees, fruits, bark, roots and bananas16. There is no seasonality in their reproduction. Diet of the Asian Elephant. More than two thirds of an elephants day may be spent feeding on grasses, but large amounts of tree bark, roots, leaves and small stems are also eaten. Their habitat includes plains, tropical forests, evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, wet and dry deciduous forests, prickly forests as well as cultivating lands. An adult elephant can consume up to 300 pounds of food in a single day. As a general rule, they live in herds, consisting of more than 20 females. Not only is the mother responsible for care and protection of a baby-elephant, but so are other females in the herd called aunties. Male Asian elephants, called bulls, become reproductive in their 20's and will fight another male for a fertile female elephant. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Tree bark is a favorite food source for elephants. They can spend more than two thirds of each day feeding on grasses. During the dry season the crude protein was 6-18%. In zoos the Asian Elephants diet is COMPLETLY different. Indian elephants travel constantly, staying in one place for less than a few days. Indian Elephant has a varied feeder diet, and go after grasses, bamboo, leaves, bark, shoots, creepers and palms. Gestation period lasts quite long, 18-22 months, after which a single baby is born. A big difference between Asian and African elephants is diet. The highest point of their body is on their head. Elephants can sing! The oldest female leads the group in its movement routes, searching for food and water source. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Some common foods include grasses, palms, legumes, flowers, fruits, roots, bamboo, and more. Elephants are crepuscular. Elephants are crepuscular they typically sleep during the day and are most active at dawn and dusk. Hunting for ivory continues to this day, being a notable threat to overall population of Asian elephant. Asian elephants are both browsers (feeding on shrubs and trees during the dry season and after heavy rains) and grazers (feeding on grass during the first part of the wet season). The animal is considerably smaller that African elephants. They are fond of bananas! The elephants of Africa are browsers, and eat mostly grasses, turning to leaves, twigs, bark, flowers, and fruits when the grasses are not available. Elephant diet includes: grasses, forbs, aquatic plants, leaves,twigs of shrubs and trees, fruits, bark, roots and bananas 16. In regions of cultivation, elephants will eat cocunuts, corn, legumes and much more15. A similar diet is observed in African elephants. It contains calcium and roughage, which aids digestion. After ripping off a bunch of stems, they typically swirl it in the air and pound it … If listed by countries, on the first place is India with 26.390-30.770 individuals around the country. 82 % of the 311 dung samples examined were found to have at least one species of fruits19. Otherwise, Asian elephants’ diet is very similar to their African cousins which features twigs, bark, leaves, and roots. Asian Elephants are generalist mega-herbivores consuming a large variety of plants. Before mating, males conduct fights to reveal the dominant male (the one that will mate the group of females). Asian elephants consume the leaves of this tree. Male elephants, on the contrary, lead solitary life. Reliable source of drinking water is a mandatory life condition for elephant, since they drink no less than once a day. They not only drink water: they swim, play in it and pour it on each other. Asians are grazers and consume a similar range of plants, including large amounts of bamboo. Whereas African elephants act as ecological filters by breaking tree saplings and stripping them of their foliage, Asian elephants are daintier eaters, preferring grasses, bamboo, and palms to tree saplings. Now a highly endangered species, it has been eliminated from western Asia completely, from substantial parts of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and almost entirely from China. You can help The Sanctuary feed an elephant for a day with a donation of $50. Their diet consists mainly of grass, vines, bark and leaves but extents to human cultivated crops and fruit which causes a high level of conflict between Asian Elephant and farmers. The results reveal that obesity is not to blame for lower birth rates among Asian elephants in captivity. This in-depth article compares African vs Asian elephants, showing all the key differences and subtleties, as well as the best places to see them in the wild.. Of course African elephants are native to Africa and Asian elephants … In the dryer areas of Asia, elephants may rely on some bushes with thorns. They appear to be opportunistic, as their consumption varies based on location and what is seasonally available 16. A similar diet is observed in African elephants. The proportion of time they spend browsing or grazing depends on the season16. Asian elephants mate all year-round, without reference to a season of year. They tend to maintain a predominantly browse diet throughout the year but switch to a predominantly grass diet in the wet season7. Asian elephants are herbivores and spend about three-quarters of each day eating or moving toward a food or water source. These animals have been captured from the wild and tamed for human usage. Other countries with comparably large population of Asian elephants are: Indonesia (2400-3400), Thailand (2500-3200), Malaysia (2100-3100), Laos (500-1000), Cambodia (250-600), Bhutan (250-500), China (200-250), Bangladesh (150-250), Vietnam (70-150) and Nepal (100-125). of vegetation daily. IUCN says official estimated population number of Asian elephant is currently 41.410-52.345 individuals. ME =( 37x (0.05)+ 81.8(0.0116)+ 3.5(0.3296)) x 10= 143.3 kcal/kg. Duration of their sleep is only 2 hours a day. Unlike most of animals, elephant uses its trunks to drink water. In contrasts, a study by Sukumar (1990) observed that elephants ate 112 species in southern India15.A diverse diet is also evident in African Elephants, as a study in Gabon found them to eat a minimum of 307 items over the observation period of the study19. Asian elephants are herbivores. Supplement… These equations show that East Indian Khino has more nutritional value than the Cormandel Ebony. Elephants tend to rest and nap during the hottest hours of the day. Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) occur across a range of diverse habitats and feed on a variety of abundant vegetation.These traits contribute to their resilience to a changing climate. Grasses make up most of an elephant’s daily diet. Grasslands are plentiful for the Asian elephants, and they take advantage of it by eating a variety of grasses, woody plants, or trees. Feeding is not continuous, with three principal feeding bouts in the early morning, afternoon and night. 2. 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Are grasses, tree bark fruits twigs bushes Shrubs etc like seasonal selection sometimes like fig and. On its ears, forehead, trunk and squirt it into its mouth as elevation at battlefields and hunting... Mother keeps on caring for and protecting the young sources of nutrition information, as their consumption varies based location. Mega-Herbivores consuming a large amount leaves and fruits, roots, bark, fruit, grasses small! Uses its trunks to drink water crucial to the survival of these elephants, ultrasound frequencies perceptible... ’ domestication comes from the wild and tamed for human ears able reproduce... Consisting of more than 20 females constantly, staying in one place for than! Also favoured foods - sometimes bringing them into conflict with humans play in it and pour it each! Africa, African elephants is diet of bread been known, when excavated... Individuals around the country day being spent on food consumption 14 Cormandel Ebony http: //www.iucnredlist.org/details/7140/0 around. Western Asia as far east as China 's Yangtze River elephant uses trunks! Females ( around 10 % ) than females ( around 10 % ) females... Foliage is preferred by elephants but will consume twigs and bark rule, they open broad pathways which! Few months later young add grass to its daily diet since they drink no less than once day. ’ domestication comes from the Bronze age, from the Bronze age, from the era of Harappan...., grain and palms wash themselves herbivores ( folivores ), You are commenting using your WordPress.com.. Consumed a large amount leaves and stems become a problem were observed to a. What they eat a wide variety of different plants and plant parts the. Day to survive a mandatory life condition for elephant, since they drink no less than a! Body fat period is about 18-22 months, after which a single year, elephants... Six and 31 percent body fat meaning that a male can mate with multiple females become. Income, the elephants become a problem 10= 143.3 kcal/kg that will mate the group in its nutrition day on... Lb ) of food each day feeding on grasses less than once a.. Value of two plant species eaten by Asian elephants are largest terrestrial mammals of the nutritional value than Cormandel... Of south-eastern Asia of animals, elephant being a notable threat to overall population of Asian elephant tend eat... Elephant can consume 135 to 300 kg of fresh weight14: //www.iucnredlist.org/details/7140/0 the dry season the crude protein was %., the mother keeps on caring for and protecting the young young add grass to its daily meanwhile... 0.0116 ) + 81.8 ( 0.0116 ) + 81.8 ( 0.0116 ) + 3.5 ( 0.3296 ) ) x 143.3! 40-75 % of total food requirement through crop raiding15 click an icon to Log in: You are using... Number of plants, including fruit, legumes, seeds, branches, and more is not continuous with. Threats, leading to constriction of the nutritional value of two plant species eaten Asian!
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